How  do we experience taste|Essay helper

one page per question please attach references to each question.

1. How  do we experience taste? Be sure to discuss the composite of the five  basic taste sensations. After you have fully and completely answered  this question from a biological perspective, include a relevant example  which illustrates your answer.
2. How  does our sense of smell work? Discuss the concept that our sense of  smell is directly connected to the brain. After you have fully and  completely answered this question from a biological perspective, include  a relevant example which illustrates your answer.
3. How  do our senses monitor our body’s position and movement? Discuss factors  which may influence our vestibular senses. After you have fully and  completely answered this question from a biological perspective, include  a relevant example which illustrates your answer.
4. What  did the Gestalt psychologists contribute to our understanding of how  the brain organizes sensation into perceptions? After you have fully and  completely answered this question from a biological perspective,  include a relevant example which illustrates your answer.
5. How  do we see the world in three dimensions? Be sure to discuss the  research on visual cliffs, binocular cues, retinal disparity, and  monocular cues.

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1. How do we experience taste?

Taste is a complex sensation that is essential for detecting nutrients and avoiding toxins. The five basic taste sensations are sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami (savory). These taste sensations are detected by taste buds, which are located in papillae on the tongue, roof of the mouth, and throat. Taste buds contain taste receptor cells that respond to specific taste molecules, which are dissolved in saliva and bind to receptors on the taste cells.

Once activated, the taste cells send signals to the brain via the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves. These signals are processed in the gustatory cortex, which is located in the insula of the brain, and other areas involved in taste perception. The brain combines the taste signals with other sensory information, such as smell, texture, and temperature, to create the overall perception of flavor.

For example, when we taste a sweet piece of fruit, the taste buds on our tongue detect the sugar molecules in the fruit, which activate the sweet taste receptor cells. The taste cells send signals to the brain, which combines the taste signals with the fruit’s aroma, texture, and temperature to create the overall perception of the fruit’s flavor.

Reference:

• Chandrashekar, J., Yarmolinsky, D., & Zuker, C. S. (2006). The taste of monosodium glutamate: membrane receptors in taste buds. Journal of Neuroscience, 26(21), 5478-5484. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0896-06.2006

2. How does our sense of smell work?

Our sense of smell, or olfaction, is the ability to detect and identify odor molecules in the environment. Odor molecules enter the nose and bind to olfactory receptor cells, which are located in the olfactory epithelium at the back of the nasal cavity. These receptor cells send signals to the brain via the olfactory nerve, which is the only cranial nerve that directly connects to the brain without passing through the thalamus.

The olfactory nerve projects to the olfactory bulb in the brain, where the signals are processed and integrated with other sensory information, such as taste and touch, to create the perception of flavor. The olfactory bulb then sends signals to other areas of the brain, including the orbitofrontal cortex and the amygdala, which are involved in odor perception, emotion, and memory.

For example, when we smell a rose, odor molecules from the rose enter our nose and bind to olfactory receptor cells. The olfactory receptor cells send signals to the brain, which processes the signals and combines them with other sensory information to create the perception of the rose’s fragrance. The amygdala may also be act