Applying Social Psychology to Education|My homework helper
Posted: February 20th, 2023
answer one of the following questions 1 through 4, and then everyone answer 5. When answering 1-4, please state the question first so that we all know which one you are answering.
1. What are some of the factors affecting student performance identified in the Dweck presentation? and identify 4 connections from Dweck’s presentation to concepts noted in the ASP chapter on education.
2. Discuss the role that the stereotype threat might play in the development of a social identity. What are some suggestions from Dr. Steele on how the stereotype threat might be combated?
3. In the article by Simoni and Drentea, why do you think that higher SES parents were more likely to medicate their child with ADHD? What explanation was given by the article? Also compare the concept of “academic self concept” from ASP to the concept “academic ethic.”
4. What are some occupations not sex segregated? (that is close to 50% male/50% female). Does it hold true when you look into sub-specialties or specific jobs? Is there an earnings difference?
5. Reflecting on your personal academic experience from grade school through high school, which material spoke to you/resonated the most and why? Please use discretion if you choose to discuss personal problems (e.g. failing in school etc).
Video 1: https://ed.stanford.edu/spotlight/live-webcast-feb-18-panel-identity-motivation-and-stereotype-threat
Video 2: https://youtu.be/ATCqh-OjSuw
Video 3: https://youtu.be/failylROnrY
Gender in schools and concept of sex segregation
But First, let’s review the Difference bEtwEEn sex and gender
Sex-pertains to biological characteristics of male and female
Gender-the cultural meaning we attach to male and female
Gender is considered to be on a continuum, and many argue that sex is also on a continuum
Thorne’s idea of Gender Borderwork
from a symbolic interactionist framework-that is that interaction creates social reality
Thorne wanted to know the process of how children create gender
Based on Thorne’s work from the book Gender Play (1993), an ethnography about how boys and girls create borders around gender to differentiate and create hierarchy.
Gender Borderwork
Girls and boys assign sex to one another, and then create gender through interaction and “borderwork.”
Borderwork is enacted in child’s play
The borderwork creates divisions, and perpetuates prevailing stereotypes
They create sex-segregated spaces on the playground and in the classroom
How we create gender
Thorne and Martin argue that schools are a major place in which gender is created.
Karin Martin. Becoming a Gendered Body
As adults we also create gender
One area is in the classroom
Boys and girls treated differently
Beliefs about which sex is “best” at different areas. eg. girls are bad at math
Gender is produced by the daily interactions and then is maintained by these interactions. The effect of gendering has implications on jobs and ultimately earnings.
Sex segregation
This leads to sex segregation
Sex segregation then has real outcomes in life that create inequality
Example, a waitress in a diner-typically a woman’s job
Occupational segregation
Almost all jobs are gender segregated
Social scientists measure the %female or %male in the occupation.
Preschool teachers are about 99%female
Mechanics probably about 97% male
Psychology students are about 60-80% female
Psychology assistant professors are about 60% female
Psychology Full professors are about 20% female
Sex Segregation in sociology
Among sociologists, family sociologists are about 78% female, mathematical sociologists- about 20% female
This is a really good blog about sex segregation in sociology, written by a well-known sociologist, Philip Cohen.
It shows sex segregation of professors, reviewers, authors, award winners etc.
https://familyinequality.wordpress.com/2018/11/18/gender-segregated-sociology-update/
What are some occupations not segregated?
Pediatrician 75% female
Surgeon-41% female
Often, when we compare subspecialties, we find differences, such as peds vs. surgery. There are large income discrepancies.
SOLUTION
- What are some occupations not sex segregated? (that is close to 50% male/50% female). Does it hold true when you look into sub-specialties or specific jobs? Is there an earnings difference?
Some occupations that are not sex-segregated include:
- Registered Nurses
- Accountants and Auditors
- Elementary and Middle School Teachers
- Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists
- Human Resource Managers
- Social and Community Service Managers
When we look at sub-specialties or specific jobs within these occupations, we may find some degree of sex segregation. For example, while nursing as a profession is not sex-segregated, some specialties within nursing, such as nurse anesthetists, are predominantly male. Similarly, while teaching is not sex-segregated, there are more men in high school teaching positions than in elementary or middle school positions.
In terms of earnings, there is often a gender pay gap in these occupations, with women earning less than men on average. However, the size of the pay gap varies depending on the occupation and the level of experience and education. For example, while the gender pay gap among registered nurses is relatively small
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