Accuracy of a screening test: role of sensitivity and specificity|Legit essays
Posted: February 21st, 2023
An important part of building evidence-based practice is the development, refinement, and use of quality diagnostic tests and measures in research and practice. Discuss the role of sensitivity and specificity in accuracy of a screening test?
Please include 400 words in your initial post with two scholarly references.
MSN-FNP Discussion Rubric
1
Criteria Does Not Meet (0%) Approaches (60%) Meets 80% Exceeds (100%) Total Initial Post relevance to the topic of discussion, applicability, and insight. (20%)
0
The student does not provide coverage of discussion topic (s); the student does not address the requirements of the weekly discussion. Provide redundant information. The posting does not apply to the course concepts or no example provided from the material explored during the weekly reading or from other relevant examples from the clinical practice. The student does not show applied
12 The student provides partial coverage of discussion topic (s), does not provide clarity on the key concepts; the student does not address all of the requirements of the weekly discussion. Provide redundant information. The posting does not apply to the course concepts or no example provided from the material explored during the weekly reading or from other relevant examples from the
16 The student provides complete coverage of discussion topic (s), provide clarity on the key concepts, demonstrated in the information presented; the student addresses all of the requirements of the weekly discussion question with adequate attention to details with some redundancy. The posting applies course concepts without examples learned from the material provided during the
20 The student provides in-depth coverage of discussion topic (s), outstanding clarity, and explanation of concepts demonstrated in the information presented; approaches the weekly discussion with depth and breadth, without redundancy, using clear and focused details. The posting directly addresses key issues, questions, or problems related to the topic of discussion. The posting applies course concepts with
MSN-FNP Discussion Rubric
2
knowledge and understanding of the discussion topic. The student’s initial thread response does not reflect critical thinking.
clinical practice. The student shows some applied knowledge and understanding of the discussion topic. The student’s initial thread response does not reflect critical thinking. The discussion topic is vaguely covered and does not adequately demonstrate an accurate understanding of concepts.
weekly reading or other relevant examples from the clinical practice. The student is still showing applied knowledge and understanding of the topic. Also, the posting offers original and thoughtful insight, synthesis, or observation that demonstrates an understanding of the concepts and ideas pertaining to the discussion topic (no use of example). The student’s initial thread response reflects critical thinking and contains thought, insight, and analysis.
examples learned from the material provided during the weekly reading or other relevant examples from the clinical practice; the student is showing applied knowledge and understanding of the topic. Also, the posting offers original and thoughtful insight, synthesis, or observation that demonstrates a strong understanding of the concepts and ideas pertaining to the discussion topic (use of examples). The student’s initial thread response is rich in critical thinking and full of thought, insight, and analysis;
MSN-FNP Discussion Rubric
3
the argument is clear and concise.
Quality of Written Communication Appropriateness of audience and words choice is specific, purposeful, dynamic, and varied. Grammar, spelling, punctuation. (20%)
0 The student uses a style and voice inappropriate or does not address the given audience, purpose, etc. Word choice is excessively redundant, clichéd, and unspecific. Inconsistent grammar, spelling, punctuation, and paragraphing (More than five grammatical errors). Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning.
12 The student uses a style and voice that is somewhat appropriate to given audience and purpose. Word choice is often unspecific, generic, redundant, and clichéd. Repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader (More than two grammatical errors). Inconsistencies in language, sentence structure, and/or word choice are present.
16 The student uses a style and voice that are appropriate to the given audience and purpose. Word choice is specific and purposeful and somewhat varied throughout. Minimal mechanical or typographical errors are present but are not overly distracting to the reader (Less than two grammatical errors). Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used.
20 The student uses a style and voice that are not only appropriate to the given audience and purpose, but that also shows originality and creativity. Word choice is specific, purposeful, dynamic, and varied. Free of mechanical and typographical errors. A variety of sentence structures are used. The student is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
MSN-FNP Discussion Rubric
4
Inclusion of the student outcomes explored in the discussion as well as the role- specific competencies as applicable. (10%)
0 The student does not explain how the Student Learning Outcomes were explored or related to the weekly discussion topic.
6 The student does not explain how the Student Learning Outcomes were explored or related to the weekly discussion topic. The student only provides a list of the applicable Student Learning Outcome.
8 The student does not explain how the Student Learning Outcomes were explored or related to the weekly discussion topic.
10 The student provides an explanation of how the applicable Student Learning Outcomes were explored or related to the weekly discussion topic.
Rigor, currency, and relevance of the scholarly references. (20%)
0 The student does not provide any supporting scholarly references that are current or relevant to the weekly discussion topic.
12 The student provides supporting scholarly references that are not current but relevant to the weekly discussion topic. The student provides only one scholarly reference.
16 The student provides supporting scholarly references that are not current or but relevant to the weekly discussion topic. The student provides at least two scholarly references.
20 The student provides robust support from credible, current (less than five years old), and relevant scholarly references (at least two). The supporting evidence meets or exceeds the minimum number of required scholarly references.
MSN-FNP Discussion Rubric
5
Peer & Professor Responses. Number of responses, quality of response posts. (20%)
0 The student did not make an effort to participate in the learning discussion board. The student did not meet the answer post requirements, and the posts, if submitted, are reflecting a lack of engagement or providing a vague answer to the weekly topic. The student does not answer the professor’s feedback/question.
12 The student does not provide substantive interaction relevant to the weekly topic or provide vague responses. The answer provided by the student does not build on the discussion question and ideas of others, utilizing course content with appropriate citation/references. The student does not motivate and encourage the group. The student does not respond to two peers. The student does not answer the professor’s feedback/question.
16 The student provides substantive interaction relevant to the weekly topic. The answer provided by the student builds on the discussion question and ideas of others, utilizing course content with appropriate citation/references. The student provides frequent attempts to motivate and encourage the group. The student responds to at least two peers. The student does not answer the professor’s feedback/question.
20 The student provides substantive interaction relevant to the weekly topic. The answer provided by the student builds on the discussion question and ideas of others, utilizing course content with appropriate citation/references. The student provides frequent attempts to motivate and encourage the group. The student responds to at least two peers and answers the professor’s feedback/question.
MSN-FNP Discussion Rubric
6
Timeliness of the initial post and the answers to the peers. (10%)
0 The student was late for the initial post and the answer to peers, or absence of submissions.
6 The student posted the initial tread on time by 11:59 PM on Wednesday, or the student submits the initial thread late and submits the answers to peers on time.
8 The student posted the initial tread on time by 11:59 PM on Wednesday and one answer to a peer by Saturday 11:59 PM.
10 The student posted the initial thread and both answers to peers on time (Initial post by Wednesday 1159 PM and two replies to peers by Saturday 11:59 PM).
SOLUTION
Sensitivity and specificity are crucial components of screening tests that determine their accuracy. Sensitivity refers to the proportion of individuals who test positive for a particular condition when they indeed have the disease. On the other hand, specificity refers to the proportion of individuals who test negative for a particular condition when they do not have the disease. Therefore, a highly sensitive test can identify a high number of true positive cases, while a highly specific test can identify a high number of true negative cases.
The accuracy of a screening test can be determined by calculating its positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). PPV is the proportion of individuals who test positive and indeed have the condition, while NPV is the proportion of individuals who test negative and do not have the condition. A test with high sensitivity and specificity will have a higher PPV and NPV, indicating its high accuracy in identifying true cases.
It is crucial to balance sensitivity and specificity in developing and using screening tests. While highly sensitive tests can identify true positive cases, they may also result in a higher number of false positives, leading to unnecessary investigations, treatments, and costs. Similarly, highly specific tests may miss true cases, leading to delayed or missed diagnoses and treatment. Therefore, an ideal screening test should have a balance between sensitivity and specificity to minimize the rate of false positives and false negatives, leading to improved patient outcomes and cost-effective healthcare.
In conclusion, sensitivity and specificity play a vital role in determining the accuracy of a screening test. Understanding and balancing these components can help in developing and using effective screening tests that can improve patient outcomes and healthcare quality.
References:
- Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2019). Diagnostic tests 4: likelihood ratios. Bmj, 358, j4187.
- Moyer, V. A., & Force, U. S. P. S. T. (2014). Screening for lung cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Jama, 311(24), 508-515.
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