COGNITIVE CONSEQUENCES OF FORCED COMPLIANCE|My essay solution

Posted: March 16th, 2023

1. Describe the topic, purpose, and importance of the study.
2. Describe the researchers’ questions and hypotheses.
3. Describe the methods and unique features of the study.
4. Describe their findings and the implications of the results.
5. Then critique the article with at least the following questions:
   1. Do you have confidence in the researchers’ findings (i.e., were there critical flaws in the study design or confounds that might have occurred in the study)?
   2. Does the study generalize to other people that were not the subject of the research (e.g., college student study generalizing to everyone, study in the US applying to other cultures)?
   3. What does the study mean in the big picture and how does it apply to society in general (i.e., how does it impact society in general)?

      Running head: CRITIQUE WORKSHEET 1

      CRITIQUE WORKSHEET 5

      

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      Article Critique Worksheet

      Student Name

      Keiser University

      Instructor

      PSY501

      Date

       

      Article Critique Worksheet

      1) Discuss the Introduction and Literature Review sections:

      a. What is the topic of the article?

       

       

       

       

      b. What was the research question(s)/statement of the purpose?

       

       

       

       

      c. What were the hypotheses?

       

       

       

       

      d. What empirical information did the authors include in the background section that helped guide the development of research question(s) and hypotheses of the study?

       

       

       

       

      e. What is the importance of this study? In other words, what “gap” in the literature does this study attempt to address?

       

       

       

       

      2) Discuss the MethodS section:

      a. Characteristics of the participants – who were they, how many, and demographic characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity.

       

       

       

       

      b. What materials did they use to conduct the study/measure their variables? Be specific.

       

       

       

       

      c. What was the procedure involved in collecting the data (e.g., what did the participants have to do?). Be specific.

       

       

       

       

      d. What were the plans for statistical analyses? Be specific.

       

       

       

       

      3) Discuss the Results:

      a. What were the primary findings of the study?

       

       

       

       

      b. Did the findings support the research questionn/hypotheses? Explain.

       

       

       

       

      c. What are the implications of the findings? (how can we relate it to the “big picture”?)

       

       

       

       

      4) Discuss your critical analysis of the research:

      a. What were the limitations/problems addressed by the authors?

       

       

       

       

      b. What limitations can you find that may not have been mentioned by the authors?

       

       

       

       

      c. What are the strengths of the study?

       

       

       

       

       

      d. What could be done differently to improve the study/research article? Be specific and explain what limitation these suggestions would address and how.

       

       

       

       

      e. Are the results generalizable? Why or why not? (Remember that generalizability relates to the ability to apply the findings to others that did not participate in the research)

       

       

       

       

       

      Reference

      Include a reference for the article in APA style

      COGNITIVE CONSEQUENCES OF FORCED COMPLIANCE

      LEON FESTINGER AND JAMES M. CARLSMITH1

      Stanford University

      WHAT happens to a person’s private not conclusive. One of the major weaknesses of opinion if he is forced to do or say the data is that not all subjects in the experi- something contrary to that opin- ment made an overt statement contrary to

      ion? Only recently has there been, any experi- their private opinion in order to obtain the mental work related to this question. Two stud- offered reward. What is more, as one might ies reported by Janis and King (1954; 1956) expect, the percentage of subjects who com- clearly showed that, at least under some condi- plied increased as the size of the offered reward tions, the private opinion changes so as to bring increased. Thus, with self-selection of who it into closer correspondence with the overt did and who did not make the required overt behavior the person was forced to perform. statement and with varying percentages of Specifically, they showed that if a person is subjects in the different conditions who did forced to improvise a speech supporting a point make the required statement, no interpreta- of view with which he disagrees, his private tion of the data can be unequivocal. opinion moves toward the position advocated Recently, Festinger (1957) proposed a theory in the speech. The observed opinion change is concerning cognitive dissonance from which greater than for persons who only hear the come a number of derivations about opinion speech or for persons who read a prepared change following forced compliance. Since speech with emphasis solely on elocution and these derivations are stated in detail by Fest- manner of delivery. The authors of these two inger (1957, Ch. 4), we will here give only a studies explain their results mainly in terms of brief outline of the reasoning. mental rehearsal and thinking up new argu- Let us consider a person who privately holds ments. Inthisway, they propose, theperson who opinion “X” but has, as a result of pressure is forced to improvise a speech convinces brought to bear on him, publicly stated that himself. They present some evidence, which is he believes “not X.” not altogether conclusive, in support of this 1. This person has two cognitions which, explanation. We will have more to say con- psychologically, do not fit together: one of cerning this explanation in discussing the these is the knowledge that he believes “X,” results of our experiment. the other the knowledge that he has publicly

      SOLUTION

   4. One of the most well-known cognitive consequences of forced compliance is cognitive dissonance. Cognitive dissonance occurs when a person holds two or more conflicting beliefs, attitudes, or values, and experiences psychological discomfort as a result. When a person is forced to comply with a request or behavior that goes against their beliefs or values, they may experience cognitive dissonance as they try to reconcile the conflict between their beliefs and their behavior.